Mahin Nazari; Fatemeh Basiri; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh; Haleh Ghaem
Volume 20, Issue 10 , 2018, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a stressful period in a woman’s life and can lead to undesirable outcomes both in the mother and fetus; therefore, more attention should be paid to improve the mental health of pregnant females.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fordyce ...
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Background: Pregnancy is a stressful period in a woman’s life and can lead to undesirable outcomes both in the mother and fetus; therefore, more attention should be paid to improve the mental health of pregnant females.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral training based on self-efficacy on perceived stress and happiness in pregnant females. Methods: This randomized clinical controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design was performed on 100 pregnant females, whowere randomly assigned to two groups, training and control, in Gerash, Fars, Iran (2016). Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral training based on self-efficacy was done in the intervention group and there was no intervention for the control group. The data was collected by applying the demographic questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14) in two stages, before and after the intervention. The P< was 0.05 and was considered as significant. Results: The results showed significant differences in the median scores of happiness and perceived stress in the experimental group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). In other words, the median score of happiness increased (124 (19.25) and 141 (16.5); P < 0.001) while the stress score decreased (30.5 (7) and 22.5 (9) P < 0.001). In contrast, this research found a decrease in the happiness median score (123 (40) and 117.5 (32); P < 0.001) and increase in perceived stress scores (30 (7.25) and 33 (9.25); P = 0.009) in the control group at the end of the study, which was significant in comparison with the pre-intervention measurements (P < 0.05). In addition, an inverse relationship was revealed between stress and happiness (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Appropriate educational interventions based on theories are recommended to increase mother’s happiness and de- crease their stress during pregnancy.
Mahnaz Yadollahi; Mehrdad Anvar; Haleh Ghaem; Shahram Bolandparvaz; Shahram Paydar; Fateme Izianloo
Volume 19, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Since injury-related mortality is preventable, identifying factors that inversely affect trauma outcome are important initial steps towards reducing injury burden.Objectives: This study aims to determine independent risk factors of early/late in-hospital mortality among adult trauma victims ...
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Background: Since injury-related mortality is preventable, identifying factors that inversely affect trauma outcome are important initial steps towards reducing injury burden.Objectives: This study aims to determine independent risk factors of early/late in-hospital mortality among adult trauma victims with equal injury characteristics and severity at Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Hospital during 2013 and 2014.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study of adult trauma patients (age≥ 15 years) sustaining injury through traffic accidents, violence, and unintentional incidents was conducted. Information was retrieved from three hospital administrative databases. Data on demographics, injury mechanisms, injured body regions, injury descriptions, outcomes of hospitalization, and development of nosocomial infections were recorded. Injury severity score was calculated by cross walking from international classification of diseases (ICD-10) injury diagnosis codes to abbreviated injury scale (AIS-98) severity codes. Two multiple logistic regression models were employed to reflect the partial effect of each covariate on early (within 48 hours) and late (beyond 48 hours) deaths.Results: There were 47,295 hospitalized patients (male/female ratio: 2.7:1.0) with a median age of 30 years (interquartile range 23 - 44 years). A crude mortality rate of 1% (454 cases) was observed and 52% of deaths occurred within 48 hours of hospital arrival. One percent developed a nosocomial infection in the course of admission. After adjusting for covariates, sustaining a thoracic injury (OR 8.5, 95% CI [4.7 - 15.2]), ISS over 16 (OR 6.4, 95% CI [3.6 - 11.4]) and age over 65 years (OR 5.1, 95% CI [3.0 - 8.8]) were the most important independent risk factors of early trauma death. Presence of a hospital-acquired infection (OR 12.7, 95% CI [8.9 - 18.1]), age over 65 years (OR 7.4 95% CI [4.5 - 12.1]), and ISS of more than 16 (OR 14.6, 95% CI [6.2 - 34.3]) were independent predictors of late death.Conclusions: Age, injury severity, injured body region, and hospital-acquired infections are important determinants of trauma outcome in our center. Timely recognition of factors affecting trauma mortality is crucial for monitoring changes of trauma quality of care. Our findings suggest the need to allocate resources for trauma prevention along with a potential focus on reducing inhospital complications.
